Восъчните основи представляват восъчни листове, на които от двете страни са гравирани пирамидални вдлъбнатини, наподобяващи дъното на пчелната килийка. Тези основи пчелите надграждат с восък и от тях се получават пчелни пити.
Качествените восъчни основи трябва да имат достатъчна здравина и съпротивляемост на разтягане. Не бива да се използват пресни восъчни основи.
Най-добре е да престоят около един месец и едва тогава да влязат в употреба. След престоя основите са по-устойчиви. Днес за производството им се използват автоматизирани машини.
Пчелният восък се изварява до температура 130°C, за да загинат спорите на американският гнилец, след това преминава през 3-4 утайника, за да се пречисти и избистри. Валяци оформят восъчното платно на тънки ленти, които се навиват на рула.
Восъчните рула преминават през машина за гравиране, която оформя восъчните килийки и нарязва лентата на необходимата дължина.
За да се убедите в качеството на восъчните основи е необходимо:
- На светлина да проверите симетрията на основите на килийките, много честно поради неправилно центроване на гравиращите валяци има изместване. В България всяка основа произведена машинно има под надписа "полумаксимум" номер на гравиращия валяк, така се разбира къде и от кого е произведена основата.
- Отрежете лента от основата и при поднасяне над пламък не трябва да има черен дим и пушек, получената капка трябва да е с правилна форма и без черни утайки по капката.
- Недобросъвестни производители на восък добавят церезин, парафин и други нефтопродукти с цел увеличаване на печалбата. Така се намалява еластичността и устойчивостта на основата при по-високи температури.
- За да се избегне заразяване на пчелите е необходимо восъкът да се извари продължително на температура над 130 градуса, това е възможно само от машини с трансформаторно масло в топилните вани. С автоклав не може да се постигне умъртвяване на Американския гнилец - 128 градус
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